双曲线空间已成为从树状结构和文本到图表的各种数据类型的歧管的流行选择。建立在欧几里德和超球空间的型原型的深度学习成功，最近的一些作品已经提出了用于分类的双曲线原型。这种方法能够在低维输出空间中实现有效的学习，并且可以利用类之间的分层关系，但需要有关类标签的特权信息来定位双曲型原型。在这项工作中，我们提出了双曲线的Busemann学习。我们的方法背后的主要思想是将原型定位在Poincar \ E球的理想边界上，这不需要先前的标签知识。为了能够计算邻近的理想原型，我们介绍了受到惩罚的Busemann损失。我们提供了支持使用理想原型和建议损失的理论，通过证明其在一维案件中的物流回归。凭经验，我们表明我们的方法提供了对分类信心的自然解释，而最近的最近的超球和双曲线原型方法。

Many real-world applications of language models (LMs), such as code autocomplete and writing assistance, involve human-LM interaction, but the main LM benchmarks are non-interactive, where a system produces output without human intervention. To evaluate human-LM interaction, we develop a framework, Human-AI Language-based Interaction Evaluation (H-LINE), that expands non-interactive evaluation along three dimensions, capturing (i) the interactive process, not only the final output; (ii) the first-person subjective experience, not just a third-party assessment; and (iii) notions of preference beyond quality. We then design five tasks ranging from goal-oriented to open-ended to capture different forms of interaction. On four state-of-the-art LMs (three variants of OpenAI's GPT-3 and AI21's J1-Jumbo), we find that non-interactive performance does not always result in better human-LM interaction and that first-person and third-party metrics can diverge, suggesting the importance of examining the nuances of human-LM interaction.

In the past few decades, there has been an explosion in the amount of available data produced from various sources with different topics. The availability of this enormous data necessitates us to adopt effective computational tools to explore the data. This leads to an intense growing interest in the research community to develop computational methods focused on processing this text data. A line of study focused on condensing the text so that we are able to get a higher level of understanding in a shorter time. The two important tasks to do this are keyword extraction and text summarization. In keyword extraction, we are interested in finding the key important words from a text. This makes us familiar with the general topic of a text. In text summarization, we are interested in producing a short-length text which includes important information about the document. The TextRank algorithm, an unsupervised learning method that is an extension of the PageRank (algorithm which is the base algorithm of Google search engine for searching pages and ranking them) has shown its efficacy in large-scale text mining, especially for text summarization and keyword extraction. this algorithm can automatically extract the important parts of a text (keywords or sentences) and declare them as the result. However, this algorithm neglects the semantic similarity between the different parts. In this work, we improved the results of the TextRank algorithm by incorporating the semantic similarity between parts of the text. Aside from keyword extraction and text summarization, we develop a topic clustering algorithm based on our framework which can be used individually or as a part of generating the summary to overcome coverage problems.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

DeepMind的游戏理论与多代理团队研究多学科学习的几个方面，从计算近似值到游戏理论中的基本概念，再到在富裕的空间环境中模拟社会困境，并在困难的团队协调任务中培训3-D类人动物。我们小组的一个签名目的是使用DeepMind在DeepMind中提供的资源和专业知识，以深入强化学习来探索复杂环境中的多代理系统，并使用这些基准来提高我们的理解。在这里，我们总结了我们团队的最新工作，并提出了一种分类法，我们认为这重点介绍了多代理研究中许多重要的开放挑战。

对比度学习是视觉表示学习最成功的方法之一，可以通过在学习的表示上共同执行聚类来进一步提高其性能。但是，现有的联合聚类和对比度学习的方法在长尾数据分布上表现不佳，因为多数班级压倒了少数群体的损失，从而阻止了学习有意义的表示形式。由此激励，我们通过适应偏见的对比损失，以避免群集中的少数群体类别的不平衡数据集来开发一种新颖的联合聚类和对比度学习框架。我们表明，我们提出的修改后的对比损失和分歧聚类损失可改善多个数据集和学习任务的性能。源代码可从https://anonymon.4open.science/r/ssl-debiased-clustering获得

在过去的20年中，情感认可受到了计算机视觉社区的极大关注。但是，大多数研究都集中在分析六种基本情绪（例如，喜悦，愤怒，惊喜），其作品有限针对其他情感状态。在本文中，我们解决了感性（强烈的心动或怀旧感），这是一种新的情绪状态，在文献中很少有作品，也没有定义其面部标记的准则。为此，我们首先收集了一个4.9k视频的数据集，该视频的参与者观看了一些感性和非情感广告，然后我们将瞬间贴上了广告中的瞬间。其次，我们使用不同框架的广告级标签和面部动作单元（AUS）激活来定义一些弱帧级感性标签。第三，我们使用AUS激活来训练多层感知器（MLP）以进行感性检测。最后，我们定义了两个新的广告级指标，以评估我们的模型性能。定量和定性结果显示了感性检测的有希望的结果。据我们所知，这是解决感性检测问题的第一项工作。

ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列，该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战，这是由于探测器的几何形状，不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收，并且低于100 GEV的光，每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战，可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形，并将图形神经网络（GNN）作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开，对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类，并重建沉积的能量，方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真，我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术，包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类，与当前的IceCube方法相比，GNN以固定的假阳性速率（FPR）提高了信号效率的18％。另外，GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8（低于半百分比）。对于能源，方向和相互作用顶点的重建，与当前最大似然技术相比，分辨率平均提高了13％-20％。当在GPU上运行时，GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件，这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。

从积极和未标记的（PU）数据中学习是一种设置，学习者只能访问正面和未标记的样本，而没有关于负面示例的信息。这种PU环境在各种任务中非常重要，例如医学诊断，社交网络分析，金融市场分析和知识基础完成，这些任务也往往本质上是不平衡的，即大多数示例实际上是负面的。但是，大多数现有的PU学习方法仅考虑人工平衡的数据集，目前尚不清楚它们在不平衡和长尾数据分布的现实情况下的表现如何。本文提议通过强大而有效的自我监督预处理来应对这一挑战。但是，培训传统的自我监督学习方法使用高度不平衡的PU分布需要更好的重新重新制定。在本文中，我们提出\ textit {Impulses}，这是\ usewanced {im}平衡\下划线{p} osive \ unesive \ usepline {u} nlabeLed \ underline {l}的统一表示的学习框架{p}。 \下划线{s}削弱了debiase预训练。 Impulses使用大规模无监督学习的通用组合以及对比度损失和额外重新持续的PU损失的一般组合。我们在多个数据集上进行了不同的实验，以表明Impuls能够使先前最新的错误率减半，即使与先前给出的真实先验的方法相比。此外，即使在无关的数据集上进行了预处理，我们的方法也表现出对事先错误指定和卓越性能的鲁棒性。我们预计，这种稳健性和效率将使从业者更容易在其他感兴趣的PU数据集上获得出色的结果。源代码可在\ url {https://github.com/jschweisthal/impulses}中获得